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THURGOOD MARSHALL
was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908. He was
graduated in 1930 from Lincoln University and in 1933
from Howard University Law School in Washington, D.C.
Marshall began a legal career as counsel to the Baltimore
Branch of the National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People (NAACP). He joined the national legal
staff in 1936 and in 1938 became Chief Legal Officer.
In 1940, the NAACP created the Legal Defense and Education
Fund, with Marshall as its Director and Counsel. For more
than twenty years. Marshall coordinated the NAACP effort
to end racial segregation. In 1954, he argued the case
of Brown v. Board of Education before the Supreme
Court of the United States. President John F. Kennedy
appointed Marshall to the United States Court of Appeals
for the Second Circuit in 1961. Four years later, President
Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him Solicitor General of the
United States. President Johnson nominated Marshall to
the Supreme Court of the United States on June 13, 1967.
The Senate confirmed the appointment on August 30, 1967.
Marshall served twenty-three years on the Supreme Court,
retiring on June 17, 1991, at the age of eighty-two.
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